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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Marine Life Protection Act ： ウィキペディア英語版 Marine Life Protection Act The Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) was passed in 1999 and is part of the California Fish and Game Code. The MLPA requires California to reevaluate all existing marine protected areas (MPAs) and potentially design new MPAs that together function as a statewide network. The MLPA has clear guidance associated with the development of this MPA network. MPAs are developed on a regional basis with MLPA and MPA specific goals in mind, and are evaluated over time to assess their effectiveness for meeting these goals. ==Overview== Unlike terrestrial conservation, marine conservation often lacks a systematic approach to conserving biodiversity.〔Gleason, Mary G. et al. 2006. Assessing gaps in marine conservation in California. ''Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment''. 4: 249-258.〕 Little gap analysis has been performed on the marine environment, and there is a lack of knowledge into what is protected, what needs to be protected, and where the protection needs to occur.〔 Over the last century there has been a rapid increase in the loss of marine biodiversity and habitat degradation. About 70% of California's population lives within one hour of the coast and the ocean provides resources to local, state, and national interests. As a result, species and habitat loss has become a major issue. Over 90% of California's coastal wetlands have been lost, coastal waters have become contaminated with a variety of urban and agricultural toxins, and a large number of targeted species have declined in the last 10–20 years.〔 Over the last two decades, California fish catches have decreased by over 50%.〔Avasthi, Amitabh. 2005. California tries to connect its scattered marine reserves. ''Science''. 308: 487-489.〕 These impacts have decreased the health and value of the California's coastal ocean and imply a need for a more systematic approach to marine conservation.〔〔 Although there is no single solution to conserving the marine environment, MPAs are a potentially valuable tool for marine conservation when designed and managed effectively. A well designed and managed network of MPAs helps to prevent degradation, fosters marine biodiversity, and may maintain a more sustainable fishing industry.〔 The MLPA helps to promote a shift from single-species management to an ecosystem based management and is a more systematic approach to marine conservation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marine Life Protection Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.